Gayler, Charles Actor, Editor, Journalist, Playwright. &lt;p&gt;Born to a family of tradesmen in New York City, Charles Gayler began his career as a teacher before he moved to Ohio and worked as a journalist and editor. While there, he developed an interest in politics that led him to write songs and speeches for Whig Presidential candidate Henry Clay in the 1844 election. In 1846 he married Grace Christian, with whom he had eight children. While one source suggests that his wife was actress and fellow Pfaffian Getty Gay (Rawson 103), Thomas Butler Gunn indicates that Gay was Gayler&amp;rsquo;s mistress (10.34). According to Gunn, who describes Gayler&amp;#39;s failed attempts to go home with a Mrs. Norris (nee Green), Gayler was not &amp;ldquo;constant to his mistress&amp;rdquo; (18.236).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A multi-skilled professional, Gayler edited the &lt;em&gt;Cincinnati Evening Dispatch&lt;/em&gt; and later turned to acting in Shakespeare revivals and ultimately writing plays. His gold rush melodrama, &lt;em&gt;The Buckeye Gold Hunters&lt;/em&gt;, was produced in Cincinnati in 1849. Flushed with this success, Gayler moved to New York and worked as a theatrical manager and producer of his own plays. His timely self-produced &lt;em&gt;Bull Run, or the Sacking of Fairfax Courthouse&lt;/em&gt; opened on August 15, 1861 in the wake of the battle. He also wrote reviews for the T&lt;em&gt;ribune&lt;/em&gt; (where Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s regular William Winter worked) and the Herald.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The bulk of his work consists of hundreds of comedies, operettas, tragedies, and melodramas. Called by James L. Ford &amp;ldquo;the father of American dramatists,&amp;rdquo; Gayler found success rooted in the New York theatrical scene, and some of his works use New York as a dramatic setting, such as &lt;em&gt;Lights and Shadows of New York&lt;/em&gt; and his novel &lt;em&gt;Out of the Streets, a Story of New York Life&lt;/em&gt;. His melodrama &lt;em&gt;The Son of the Night: A Drama, in Three Days: And a Prologue&lt;/em&gt; (1857) was staged at New York&amp;rsquo;s Broadway Theatre in April 1857, and his popular&lt;em&gt; Fritz, Our German Cousin&lt;/em&gt; opened at Wallack&amp;rsquo;s Theatre in 1870. Yet Clap mentions Gayler in a discussion of his appreciation for drama that isn&amp;rsquo;t necessarily &amp;ldquo;High Art&amp;rdquo; (Figaro 13 Feb. 1866), describing Gayler&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;The Child-Stealer&lt;/em&gt; as an example of necessary &amp;ldquo;low comedy&amp;rdquo; (Miller 30). Gayler&amp;rsquo;s 1879 play &lt;em&gt;Sleepy Hollow: or, The headless horseman: a comic pastoral opera in three acts &lt;/em&gt;adapts the fictional material of Washington Irving, a writer greatly admired by the frequenters of Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Described by Thomas Butler Gunn as a &amp;ldquo;tall, burlylish man with an over-rich complexion...and plenty of self-esteem,&amp;rdquo; Gayler was a fixture on the Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s social scene (Sentilles). He was also a member of The Ornithorhyncus Club, a bohemian group which preceded the Pfaffians (Winter, Old Friends 308). Gayler was involved in several Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s-related publications as a writer or editor, including &lt;em&gt;Momus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Yankee Notions&lt;/em&gt;. Gunn was critical of his editorial practices, calling him &amp;ldquo;an incompetent scissorist&amp;rdquo; who would tank &lt;em&gt;Yankee Notions&lt;/em&gt; in six months (8.182). Gunn also writes that Gayler was to be Editor of an unnamed new publication which would be filled with &amp;ldquo;stealings&amp;rdquo; (plagiarized works and unpaid contributions (11.87). Paradoxically, Gayler was one of the men identified by Frank Bellew as &amp;quot;playwrights registering their dramatic works before the first copyright law went into effect&amp;quot; (Miller 52).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While his flowing beard often led visitors at Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s to mistake him for Walt Whitman, Gayler was a Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s regular long before Whitman arrived at the scene. A Brooklyn resident from Whitman&amp;rsquo;s neighborhood, as well as his predecessor at the Times, Gayler may have introduced Whitman to other Pffafians and inspired him with his career trajectory (Karbiener 13). Gayler&amp;rsquo;s relationship with Whitman appears to have soured, however, after Whitman replaced Gayler as editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. In 1860, a magazine edited by Gayler (&lt;em&gt;Momus&lt;/em&gt;) &amp;quot;contained some verse in which Leaves of Grass was called &amp;lsquo;pestilent...rotten and foul&amp;rsquo; and the author the &amp;lsquo;dirtiest beast of the age.&amp;rsquo;&amp;quot; Gay Wilson Allen suggests that this was a &amp;quot;grudge attack&amp;quot; prompted by Whitman&amp;rsquo;s succession of Gayler at the &lt;em&gt;Times&lt;/em&gt;. According to Allen, Gayler lived near the Whitmans on Myrtle Avenue and never forgave Walt for replacing him at the Times (242). Gayler is listed as one of the &amp;ldquo;few survivors of the old assembly&amp;rdquo; who still gathered at Pfaff&amp;rsquo;s in the 1870&amp;rsquo;s after the bohemians left (Parry 61; Stovall 308).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A biography, timeline, and bibliography of Gayler&amp;#39;s works, written and compiled by Lyn Ribisi, &lt;a href=&quot;https://pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu/node/78494&quot;&gt;is available here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

References & Biographical Resources\n";
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55726&quot; about=&quot;/node/55726&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55726&quot;&gt;Allen, Gay Wilson. &lt;em&gt;The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman&lt;/em&gt;. New York: MacMillan, 1955.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Allen spells Gayler&#039;s name here as &quot;Gaylor.&quot;According to Allen, Whitman got his job as an editor at the Brooklyn &lt;cite&gt;Daily Times&lt;/cite&gt; because his political attitudes were in line with the paper and because Gaylor had been fired for refusing to &quot;read proof on the job printing.&quot;Allen speculates that Gaylor may have been feeling &quot;independent&quot; in the spring of 1857, having had two plays produced in New York in 1856 and 1857.Also, his duties at the &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt; may have increased at this time, with George C. Bennett, the owner of the &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt;, looking to expand (208).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In April, 1860, a comic magazine named &lt;cite&gt;Momus&lt;/cite&gt; debuted, edited by Gaylor.Allen writes that &quot;it contained some verse in which &lt;cite&gt;Leaves of Grass&lt;/cite&gt; was called &#039;pestilent...rotten and foul&#039; and the author the &#039;dirtiest beast of the age.&#039;&quot;Allen feels this was a &quot;grudge attack&quot; prompted by Whitman&#039;s succession of Gaylor at the &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt;.According to Allen, Gaylor lived near the Whitmans on Myrtle Avenue and never forgave Walt for replacing him at the &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt; (242).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 208,242]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55733&quot; about=&quot;/node/55733&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55733&quot;&gt;Browne, Junius Henri. &lt;em&gt;The Great Metropolis; A Mirror of New York&lt;/em&gt;. Hartford: American Publishing, 1869.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A playwright.He was part of the &quot;fraternity&quot; that met at Pfaff&#039;s resturant, that &quot;had late suppers, and were brilliant with talk over beer and pipes for several years.&quot; Browne claims &quot;Those were merry and famous nights, and many bright conceits and witticisms were discharged over the festive board&quot; (156-7).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 156-157]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60037&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dictionary of American Biography&lt;/em&gt;. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in &amp;lt;cite&amp;gt;Biography Resource Center&amp;lt;/cite&amp;gt;. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC, 1928.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56422&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 10, 1866, 88-89.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56433&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 13, 1866, 72-73.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;56408&quot; about=&quot;/node/56408&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56408&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 17, 1866, 104-105.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figaro writes that Gayler has sent him the plot of his &lt;cite&gt;Child Stealer&lt;/cite&gt;, which will soon be seen at Wood&#039;s Theatre (104).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 104]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;56399&quot; about=&quot;/node/56399&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56399&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 24, 1866, 120-121.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56502&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, January 16, 1866, 8-9.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56468&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, January 20, 1866, 40-41.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;56444&quot; about=&quot;/node/56444&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56444&quot;&gt;Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, January 27, 1866, 56-57.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60707&quot;&gt;Ford, James L. &quot;New York&amp;#039;s Bohemia: A Kingdom Which Still Exists, Although Pfaff&amp;#039;s Restaurant is No More.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The Philadelphia Inquirer&lt;/em&gt;, November 27, 1892, 14.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60039&quot;&gt;&quot;Gayler, Charles, 1820-1892.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Literature Online biography&lt;/em&gt;, January 1, 2003.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60712&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 10.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 10&lt;/em&gt;(1858).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60713&quot; about=&quot;/node/60713&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60713&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 11.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 11&lt;/em&gt;(1859).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60714&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 12.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 12&lt;/em&gt;(1860).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60715&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 13.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 13&lt;/em&gt;(1860).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60724&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 14.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 14&lt;/em&gt;(1860).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60711&quot; about=&quot;/node/60711&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60711&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 18.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 18&lt;/em&gt;(1861).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60731&quot; about=&quot;/node/60731&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60731&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 7.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 7&lt;/em&gt;(1855).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 140, 142-143, 201-202, 208]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59760&quot; about=&quot;/node/59760&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59760&quot;&gt;Lukens, Henry Clay. &quot;American Literary Comedians.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Harper&amp;#039;s New Monthly Magazine&lt;/em&gt;, April 1, 1890, 783-797.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 794]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;78494&quot; about=&quot;/node/78494&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/78494&quot;&gt;Lyn Ribisi. &quot;Charles Gayler&amp;#039;s Works.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Charles Gayler&amp;#039;s Works&lt;/em&gt;(2019).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55929&quot; about=&quot;/node/55929&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55929&quot;&gt;Miller, Tice L. &lt;em&gt;Bohemians and Critics: American Theatre Criticism in the Nineteenth Century&lt;/em&gt;. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1981.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gayler&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;The Child-Stealer&lt;/cite&gt; is recommended by Clapp as an example of necessary &quot;low comedy&quot; (30).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frank Bellew published a cartoon in the &lt;cite&gt;Picayune&lt;/cite&gt; which depicted Edward G. P. Wilkins, Brougham, Boucicault, Cornelius Matthew, Charles Gayler, Fitz-James O&#039;Brien, and Benjamin A. Baker as &quot;playwrights registering their dramatic works before the first copyright law went into effect&quot; (52).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Edward G. P. Wilkins accused Gayler of copying his play &lt;cite&gt;Many a Slip Twixt the Cup and the Lip&lt;/cite&gt; from the French drama &lt;cite&gt;Les Crochets du Pere Martin&lt;/cite&gt;.Gayler claimed he had never seen the French play and that his drama was written earlier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 30, 52, 58]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;56403&quot; about=&quot;/node/56403&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56403&quot;&gt;&quot;Mr. Gaylor&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;Child Stealer&amp;quot;.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 17, 1866, 98-99.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;56556&quot; about=&quot;/node/56556&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/56556&quot;&gt;Odell, George C.D. &lt;em&gt;Annals of the New York Stage: Volume VIII (1865-1870)&lt;/em&gt;. New York:Columbia University Press, 1936.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;His play &lt;cite&gt;The Mountain Bell&lt;/cite&gt; was first performed in the 1867-68 season at Mrs. Conway&#039;s (382).During the same season &lt;cite&gt;A Sensation Drama, or, the Perplexed Author&lt;/cite&gt; was also performed.Gayler is also recorded as being on stage as an actor (391).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler Presented a dramatization of his own novel, &lt;cite&gt;Out of the Streets&lt;/cite&gt; &quot;as published in Frank Leslie&#039;s Chimney Corner&quot; at the New York Theatre in the 1868-69 season.There seems to have been some staffing problems with the actors during the play&#039;s run (450). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;Fritz, Our Cousin German&lt;/cite&gt; played at Wallack&#039;s during the 1869-70 season and starred J.K. Emmet. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 382,391,450,564]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55847&quot; about=&quot;/node/55847&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55847&quot;&gt;Odell, George Clinton. &lt;em&gt;Annals of the New York Stage: Volume VI (1850-1857)&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wrote &lt;cite&gt;Taking the Chances, or, Our Cousin From the Country &lt;/cite&gt; (a comedy) for J.H. McVicker at Burtons.The show opened March 19, 1855.Gayler adapted &lt;cite&gt;The Son of the Night from the Porte St. Martin, Paris&lt;/cite&gt; for the Broadway for a May 4, 1856, performance.Gayler is described as prolific. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 438,518,544,585-586]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55935&quot; about=&quot;/node/55935&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55935&quot;&gt;Odell, George Clinton. &lt;em&gt;Annals of the New York Stage: Volume VII (1857-1865)&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gayler&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;The Love of a Prince&lt;/cite&gt; opened April 13, 1857.His &quot;novelty&quot; entitled &lt;cite&gt;Olympiana, or, a Night with Mitchell &lt;/cite&gt; appeared at the New Olympic July 13, 1857. Odell mentions that &lt;cite&gt;The Love of a Prince&lt;/cite&gt; was performed by Laura Keene&#039;s company as part of a benefit for (Joseph) Jefferson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler assumed the role of speaker/expositor of Dr. Kane&#039;s pictures of the Arctic Regions, the Aurora Borealis, etc., at the Crystal Palace in 1857.A poem was read by Laura Keene at a benefit for him on Jan 16, 1858.A rivalary began between Gayler and Kane on Jan. 6, 1858.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;Our Female American Cousin&lt;/cite&gt; was one of first of the wave of imitiations of Keene&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;Our American Cousin&lt;/cite&gt; in 1859. Gayler also wrote &lt;cite&gt;There&#039;s Many a Slip &#039;twixt the Cup and the Lip &lt;/cite&gt;, a farce, and &lt;cite&gt;Romance of a (Very) Poor Young Man&lt;/cite&gt;.Gayler arranged a sequel to Tom Taylor&#039;s play [&lt;cite&gt;Our American Cousin&lt;/cite&gt;] written by Sothern called &lt;cite&gt;Our American Cousin at Home, or, Lord Dundreary Abroad&lt;/cite&gt;.Gayler&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;Bull Run, or the Sacking of Fairfax Court House&lt;/cite&gt; was brought out in the 1860-1861 season as part of the &quot;war fever&quot; theater season. His third &quot;novelty&quot; to play at the new Wallack&#039;s in the 1861-1862 season was the three-act comedy &lt;cite&gt;The Magic Marriage&lt;/cite&gt; that concluded with a farce.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler&#039;s &quot;Very elaborate, spectacular, magical burlesque &lt;cite&gt;The Wizard&#039;s Tempest, or the King of the Magical Island&lt;/cite&gt; produced by Prof. J.H Anderson, possibly performed at Wallack&#039;s, seems to have a plot or characters based on &lt;cite&gt;The Tempest&lt;/cite&gt;. &lt;cite&gt;Son of the Night, or, Ben Liel, the Priate&lt;/cite&gt; was performed Sept. 30, 1862, during a benefit for Harry Pearson.Gayler also wrote a piece for the Webb Sisters, &lt;cite&gt;Kitty, or, Out of the Streets&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gayler is cited by Allston Brown as crediting O&#039;Brien with the authorship of &lt;cite&gt;Rosedale&lt;/cite&gt; in 1890.His Irish play &lt;cite&gt; The Connie Soogah, or, the Jolly Pedlar&lt;/cite&gt; described as a &quot;complete novelty&quot; and played for six weeks. Gayler is also credited with &lt;cite&gt;Our American Cousin at Home &lt;/cite&gt; and &lt;cite&gt;Ravelings&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His &lt;cite&gt;Petroliamania, or Oil on the Brain&lt;/cite&gt; was a successful skit that ran for eleven weeks and was &quot;the most pretensious of minstrel burlesques.&quot;The show&#039;s run was shortened by 10 days due to Lincoln&#039;s assassination.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 38, 97,104,117,125,280,319, 333,379,394,466,495,542,560-561,579,605,681]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60410&quot; about=&quot;/node/60410&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60410&quot;&gt;&quot;Old &amp;#039;Barry Gray&amp;#039; Dead.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The New York World&lt;/em&gt;, June 12, 1886, 5.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55766&quot; about=&quot;/node/55766&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55766&quot;&gt;Parry, Albert. &quot;Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America&lt;/em&gt;(1933).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gayler, mentioned here as &quot;an early American dramatist,&quot; is listed as one of the &quot;few survivors of the old assembly&quot; who still gathered at Pfaff&#039;s in the 1870s (61). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 61]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57452&quot; about=&quot;/node/57452&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57452&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, April 14, 1860, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57721&quot; about=&quot;/node/57721&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57721&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, December 17, 1859, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59407&quot; about=&quot;/node/59407&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59407&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 12, 1859, 2.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59432&quot; about=&quot;/node/59432&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59432&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, February 15, 1859, 2.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57623&quot; about=&quot;/node/57623&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57623&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, January 28, 1860, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;58722&quot; about=&quot;/node/58722&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/58722&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, July 12, 1859, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57510&quot; about=&quot;/node/57510&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57510&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, March 17, 1860, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57497&quot; about=&quot;/node/57497&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57497&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, March 24, 1860, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59007&quot; about=&quot;/node/59007&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59007&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, May 14, 1859, 3.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57814&quot; about=&quot;/node/57814&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57814&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, November 12, 1859, 2.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;58343&quot; about=&quot;/node/58343&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/58343&quot;&gt;Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. &quot;Dramatic Feuilleton.&quot; &lt;em&gt;New-York Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, September 17, 1859, 2.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55763&quot; about=&quot;/node/55763&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55763&quot;&gt;Rawson, A. L. &quot;A Bygone Bohemia.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Frank Leslie&amp;#039;s Popular Monthly&lt;/em&gt;, January 1, 1896, 96-107.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 103]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55879&quot; about=&quot;/node/55879&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55879&quot;&gt;Sentilles, Renee M. &quot;Performing Menken: Adah Isaacs Menken and the Birth of American Celebrity.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Performing Menken: Adah Isaacs Menken and the Birth of American Celebrity&lt;/em&gt;(2003).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;A regular in the bohemian circle at Pfaff&#039;s.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55854&quot; about=&quot;/node/55854&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55854&quot;&gt;Stovall, Floyd. &quot;The Foreground of Leaves of Grass.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The Foreground of Leaves of Grass&lt;/em&gt;(1974).&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stovall discusses his relationship to Whitman and the &lt;cite&gt;Brooklyn Daily Times&lt;/cite&gt;.Gayler became a playwright and remained a regular patron of Pfaff&#039;s even after the Bohemians left.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 3 (n.)]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55290&quot; about=&quot;/node/55290&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55290&quot;&gt;Winter, William. &lt;em&gt;Old Friends; Being Literary Recollections of Other Days&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1909.&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gayler was a member of a New York group of artists and writers that existed before the Pfaff&#039;s Bohemians that also included Eytinge, North, Bellew, Charles G. Rosenberg, Seymour, and O&#039;Brien.Winter was not a member of this group; all of its members are dead at the time of Winter&#039;s writing.Winter states, &quot;That society, unlike the Pfaff&#039;s coterie, was, after a fortuitous fashion, organized, and it had a name,--the remarkable name of the Ornithorhyncus Club.&quot;The club was named after a Duck-Billed Platypus(308).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 308]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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