While William Henry Fry’s presence at Pfaff’s remains unconfirmed, he is listed among the many associates of Ada Clare, the “Queen of Bohemia” (Rawson). A native of Philadelphia, Fry was born into a prominent native American family to parents William and Anne (nee Fleeson) Fry. His father was the publisher of the National Gazette, and his mother was the granddaughter of Judge Plunkett Fleeson. Having displayed musical talent at an early age, Fry taught himself to play the piano after listening to his older brother's piano lessons. After this remarkable feat, Fry was placed under the musical instruction of top teachers, including Paris Conservatory graduate Leopold Meignen, and later graduated from Mt. St. Mary’s College in Emmettsburg, MD. Fry wrote his first overture at the age of fourteen, and six years later the Philadelphia Philharmonic Society performed another of his pieces (Cole).
Fry soon extended his creative talents into the world of opera. His first opera, Leonora, was written by his brother Joseph Reese Fry and "is known as the first publicly performed grand opera written by a native American." Presented on June 4, 1845, it is based on Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Lady of Lyons (1838) (Cole). Max Maretzek notes that the opera, which was produced on January 20, 1858 in an Italian-translation revival in New York, "made a very favorful impression" (Maretzek 41). Fry experimented with various musical forms, but is best known for his four symphonies: The Breaking Heart, A Day in the Country, Santa Claus, or the Christmas Symphony, and Childe Harold, which were performed in New York in 1853 (Cole).
Despite his great talent, Fry treated music as a hobby rather than as a career. In 1836, he began working as a journalist for his father at the National Gazette shortly after Robert Walsh left the publication. In 1844, he left the Gazette to become editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger. Fry also spent several years in Europe, where he worked as a correspondent for the Ledger, the New York Tribune and other papers. After returning to New York in 1852, he took the position of music editor at the Tribune (Odell). Wilson writes that “as a musical reviewer he was a determined, honest partisan, an acute analyst, and trenchant writer” (558). While working as a journalist, Fry wrote music for the Stabat Mater (1855), a medieval sacred text, and for an opera based on the writings of Victor Hugo for which his brother Joseph wrote the libretto, titled Notre Dame de Paris (1863).
Fry was also a prolific lecturer, supportive of the American music scene and firmly anti-slavery (Personne 10 Mar. 1860). Lause notes that he turned up regularly at “labor and socialist meetings” (59). Thomas Butler Gunn writes of going to see his lecture on “the City of New York” in 1859. Although Frank Wood, House, and Thompson, publisher of Vanity Fair, were in attendance, Gunn found the speech to be “digressive, jerky, and not very satisfactory” (11.176-177). Wilson describes him as “an occasional political speaker, a lecturer on topics of the day, and altogether an accomplished man,” noting that he gave ten lectures in 1853 on the history of music (558). Complete with “musical illustrations supplied by a large orchestra, chorus, band, and an assortment of vocal soloists,” these lectures were meant “to encompass nothing less than the entire realm of music.” Despite enthusiastic puffery from the press, the lectures were monetarily unsuccessful, possibly due to their elevated level of musical discourse. Lawrence views the epic undertaking as Fry’s attempt to both garner support for American music and to feed “an insatiable hunger to be acclaimed the Messiah of American Music,” describing him as “brilliant, but erratic” (382-383).
Fry is remembered more for his status as the "first successful American opera composer" than for his flare or innovation. The operas themselves were not especially groundbreaking. They "contained ingratiating melodies" but lacked "dramatic force" (Cole). Despite popularity with the public, Fry did not gain a great deal of critical or pecuniary success. Nevertheless, "his fluent pen and ready speech made him a power in furthering American music.” Fry was in poor health toward the end of his life, possibly due to consumption. Bedridden for the final two years of his life, Fry reportedly asked for a telephone to the nearby New York Academy of Music and would listen to the operas with the telephone in one hand, the libretto in the other, and photographs of the performers at the foot of his bed (Wilson 558). He died in Santa Cruz, West Indies at the age of 51 (Cole).
References & Biographical Resources [Boston Courier correspondent]. "Fry." New-York Saturday Press. 12 Mar. 1859: 4. "Brigham Young’s Two Hours with Horace Greeley." New-York Saturday Press. 27 Aug. 1859: 2. Clare, Ada. "Matilda Heron in 'Geraldine'." New-York Saturday Press. 27 Aug. 1859: 2. Cole, Fannie L. Gwinner. "William Henry Fry." Dictionary of American Biography. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC. Congdon, Charles T. Reminiscences of a Journalist. Boston: James R. Osgood, 1880. [pages:235-238] Gunn, Thomas Butler. Diaries, Vol. 9. Missouri History Museum, 1857. Fry is among the men owed a supper at Delmonico's by O'Brien, "Underwood, one of the editors of the "Atlantic Monthly" being on here, O'Brien must needs give him, Wilkins, Clapp and Fry (of the Tribune) a supper at Delmonico's – some $30 affair or more. Splendid illustration of Erin go Brag!" [pages:53] Gunn, Thomas Butler. Diaries, Vol. 11. Missouri History Museum, 1859. Gunn attends Fry's lecture on New York City: "Down town in the afternoon. Went in the evening to Clinton Hall to hear Fry's lecture on the 'City of New York.' Digressive, jerky and not very satisfactory, the man could have done much better had he cared to think over what he was going to say. Frank Wood, House and Thompson, 'publisher' for the forthcoming 'Vanity Fair,' were present. Le Jeune Homme Pauvre came eagerly splurging in, past me, to a front seat and was called back to a side one, by his companions. I heard his laugh at Fry's witticisms, it was demonstrative, aggressive, rampant, with a strong suggestion of asinine he-hawing in it. We were all together awhile at the end of the lecture. Parton was there and Fanny. I Jim spoke to me; we stood conversing, Fanny 'tother side of him until Fry came, when she seized on him, anon diverging to House." [pages:176-177] Lause, Mark A. The Antebellum Crisis and America's First Bohemians. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2009. "Regularly turning up at labor and socialist meetings, William Henry Fry, a French-educated musician, Fourierist, and critic for the Tribune, wrote and brought to the stage [...] works of home-grown American opera" (59). Fry was considered the author of some of the first indigenous American opera (68). [pages:59, 68] "Literary Notes." New York Saturday Press. 13 Dec. 1859: 2. Maretzek, Max. “‘Sharps and Flats’: A Sequel to ‘Crochets and Quivers.’” . American Music Publishing Company, 1890. 41. An 1890's work on music of the 19th century. Page 41 has information relevant to William Fry's Operas. [pages:41] O'Brien, Fitz-James. "Dramatic Feuilleton." Saturday Press. 13 Nov. 1858: 3. O'Brien mentions him as the musical critic of the Tribune (3). [pages:3] Odell, George Clinton. Annals of the New York Stage: Volume VI (1850-1857). New York: Columbia University Press, 1931. Odell mentions him as a lecturer and critic.He is also identified as W.H. Fry and mentioned as assisting a musical performance at the Odeon (276). Odell also mentions Fry's Sabat Mater and that a performance of it was not given. [pages:276,415] Odell, George Clinton. Annals of the New York Stage: Volume VII (1857-1865). New York: Columbia University Press, 1931. He may be the W.H. Fry Odell lists.Odell includes an odd listing of opera by a Fry called Leonora.He is also credited with the composition of the overature of Evangeline performed by Kate Bateman. [pages:65,215] "One Thing and Another." New York Saturday Press. 19 Mar. 1859: 2. Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New-York Saturday Press. 10 Mar. 1860: 3. Personne claims that the black ushers employed by Le Chauvre at the Winter Garden have made blunders that make even Fry "waver" in their anti-slavery beliefs (3). [pages:3] Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 19 Apr. 1859: 2. Personne writes that he finds the articles of the Cincinnati opera critics more amusing than Fry's (2). [pages:2] Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 19 Mar. 1859: 3. Personne notes how Dion Bourcicault's response in the Tribune to critiques of the English actors in New York contradict Fry's remarks in the Tribune.Personne also reprints an article in the Courrier des Etats-Unis that makes reference to Fry (3). [pages:3] Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 19 Nov. 1859: 3. Personne refers to "the esthetic Fry's" review of Sicilian Vespers in the Tribune (3). [pages:3] Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 21 May 1859: 2-3. Personne borrows from Fry's review of Mme. de Wilhorst in the Tribune (3). [pages:3] Personne [Wilkins, Edward G. P.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 28 May 1859: 3. Personne makes a passing mention of Fry. [pages:3] Quelqu'un [Winter, William]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press. 26 Mar. 1859: 2. Quelqu'un reports that he checked the Tribune for "the aesthetic Fry's" review of Brougham's new piece at the Bowery (2). [pages:2] Rawson, A. L. "A Bygone Bohemia." Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. 01 Jan. 1896: 96-107. A member of Clare's coterie of Bohemians. He is identified as an "operatic composer." [pages:103] ""William Henry Fry's Messianic Yearnings: The Eleven Lecturs, 1852-53." ." American Music. 7.4 (1989):382-411. This article details a perceived "Messiac Yearning" from William Fry inherent in his Plays and Operas. Specifically this is detailing a period after his November of 1952 return from Europe after heavy success as musical journalist detailing the Transatlantic scene to promote a series of Lectures/Concerts in which the extremely ambitious goal of showing all of music was promised . Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske, eds. Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume II, Crane-Grimshaw. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888. While citing him as an "accomplished man," Appleton presents Fry's career as a composer, while being ground-breaking for an Ameircan, did not result in financial success or critical acclaim. [pages:557, 558]