Briggs, Charles Editor, Journalist, Novelist. &lt;p&gt;Before trying his hand at writing, Charles F. Briggs spent several years working as a sailor on voyages to Europe and South America. He also spent a few years as a merchant in New York City. In 1839 he published &lt;em&gt;The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic&lt;/em&gt;, which was based upon his adventures as a sailor. Retaining the pseudonym Harry Franco, Briggs went on to publish&lt;em&gt; The Haunted Merchant&lt;/em&gt; in 1843. In 1844 he created the &lt;em&gt;Broadway Journal&lt;/em&gt;, for which Edgar Allan Poe first worked as a contributor. This working relationship seemed to link the two writers together in friendship. After his death, Briggs was described by R. H. Stoddard as one of Poe&amp;#39;s &amp;quot;Bohemian friends&amp;quot; (Parry 3). This relationship with Edgar Allan Poe prompted the publishers of &lt;em&gt;Encyclopedia Britannica&lt;/em&gt; to even request that he write a biographical sketch of the author. While running the &lt;em&gt;Journal&lt;/em&gt;, Briggs accepted several of Poe&amp;#39;s submissions and eventually made him an associate editor. Briggs ran the&lt;em&gt; Journal&lt;/em&gt; for only one year before retiring in 1845. There is some uncertainty about the dates, but between 1844 and 1850 Briggs also published &lt;em&gt;Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;The Trippings of Tom Pepper; or, The Results of Romancing, an Autobiography.&lt;/em&gt; After &lt;em&gt;Trippings&lt;/em&gt;, Briggs stopped writing fiction, largely due to the displeasure of his friends when they recognized themselves within the novel (H. Howland).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1853 Briggs became an editor at&lt;em&gt; Putnam&amp;#39;s Magazine&lt;/em&gt;, a feat not accomplished without the help of and &amp;ldquo;veteran Fourierists like Parke Godwin, George Washington Curtis [a fellow Pfaffian], and George Ripley&amp;rdquo; (Lause 68). He remained at&lt;em&gt; Putnam&amp;rsquo;s&lt;/em&gt; for three years and returned to it again in 1866. During the ten year interim between his jobs at &lt;em&gt;Putnam&amp;#39;s&lt;/em&gt; Briggs worked as an editor at the&lt;em&gt; New York Times&lt;/em&gt; under Henry J. Raymond. When Raymond traveled to Europe, Briggs was given temporary control of the newspaper. In 1870 he became financial editor of the&lt;em&gt; Brooklyn Union&lt;/em&gt;. Three years later he briefly became editor in chief of the &lt;em&gt;Union &lt;/em&gt;before moving on to the &lt;em&gt;Independent&lt;/em&gt; where he worked &amp;quot;until a few hours before his death, which came suddenly at his home in Brooklyn&amp;quot; (H. Howland). In his lifetime Briggs&amp;#39; also held a position in the New York Customs House and was one of three men to sit on the first Board of Commissioners for Central Park. Briggs, it seems, &amp;ldquo;tried to elevate tastes in the city for years before joining the crowd at Pfaff&#039;s&quot; (Lause 52). Perhaps not a constant figure around the tables in the beer cellar, Briggs was at least named by one source as a member of those who were described to rally at Pfaff&amp;#39;s (A. Maurice 396).&lt;/p&gt;

References & Biographical Resources\n";
&lt;div class=&quot;view view-works-related-to-people view-id-works_related_to_people view-display-id-default&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;view-content&quot;&gt;
&lt;ul id=&quot;views-bootstrap-works-related-to-people-default&quot;class=&quot;views-bootstrap-list-group views-view-list-group&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59018&quot; about=&quot;/node/59018&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59018&quot;&gt;&quot;Appletons&amp;#039; Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume I, Aaron-Crandall.&quot; In &lt;em&gt;Appletons&amp;#039; Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume I, Aaron-Crandall&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske. New York: D. Appleton &amp;amp; Co., 1888.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Appleton notes the body of Briggs&#039; work as being humorous and dealing with life in New York.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 374, 375(ill.)]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60160&quot; about=&quot;/node/60160&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60160&quot;&gt;&quot;Charles Frederick Briggs.&quot; In &lt;em&gt;American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies (Supplement XVIII: Max Apple to Franz Wright)&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Parini, Jay. Farmington HIlls, MI: Thomas Gale, 2008.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55872&quot; about=&quot;/node/55872&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55872&quot;&gt;Derby, J.C. &lt;em&gt;Fifty Years among Authors, Books and Publishers&lt;/em&gt;. New York: G. W. Carleton and Co., 1884.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;He is mentioned as one of the &quot;brightest and most popular humorous men of the day,&quot; known to rally around the book store of George W. Carleton.Derby notes that &quot;the noonday hour frequently found most of them at Pfaff&#039;s celebrated German restuarant, in a Broadway basement, near Bleecker-street, the rendezvous at that day of the so-called Bohemians.&quot;Derby notes that his pen name was &quot;Harry Franco&quot; (239).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parke Godwin and Briggs were the first co-editors of Putnam&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;Monthly Magazine&lt;/cite&gt; in 1852 (312).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Briggs was also one of the &quot;brilliant corps of assistant editors&quot; hired by Henry J. Raymond of the &lt;cite&gt;Times&lt;/cite&gt; in 1852, when the paper was able to double its size.Many of these editors were also the authors of books (354).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 239,312,354]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60166&quot; about=&quot;/node/60166&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60166&quot;&gt;Fawcett, Edgar. &quot;[Before I was famous].&quot; &lt;em&gt;Brooklyn Eagle&lt;/em&gt;, May 25, 1884, 9.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60712&quot; about=&quot;/node/60712&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60712&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 10.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 10&lt;/em&gt;(1858).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60713&quot; about=&quot;/node/60713&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60713&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 11.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 11&lt;/em&gt;(1859).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60714&quot; about=&quot;/node/60714&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60714&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 12.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 12&lt;/em&gt;(1860).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60721&quot; about=&quot;/node/60721&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60721&quot;&gt;Gunn, Thomas Butler. &quot;Diaries, Vol. 5.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Diaries, Vol. 5&lt;/em&gt;(1852).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 109, 164, 173, 181-182]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;58940&quot; about=&quot;/node/58940&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/58940&quot;&gt;Haynes, John Edward. &lt;em&gt;Pseudonyms of Authors: Including Anonyms and Initialisms&lt;/em&gt;. New York, 1882.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;This text identifies the following pseudonyms: Harry Franco (42), Tom Pepper (95).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 42, 95]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55805&quot; about=&quot;/node/55805&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55805&quot;&gt;Hemstreet, Charles. &quot;Literary New York: Its Landmarks and Associations..&quot; &lt;em&gt;Literary New York: Its Landmarks and Associations.&lt;/em&gt;(1903).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Listed here as &quot;Harry Franco.&quot;In 1845, he was assisted by Poe at the &lt;cite&gt;Broadway Journal&lt;/cite&gt; after Poe left the &lt;cite&gt;Evening Mirror&lt;/cite&gt;.According to Hemstreet, &quot;Briggs was the matter-of-fact &#039;Harry Franco,&#039; a journalist with great ability who in another ten years was to edit &lt;cite&gt;Putnam&#039;s Magazine&lt;/cite&gt; from 10 Park Place.More than one of Poe&#039;s friends said that the combination of Harry Franco and the poet must assuredly bring forth great literary results and financial success.But the partnership did not work at all well.&quot; Poe bought out Briggs through an arrangement with Horace Greeley and moved the paper&#039;s offices to Clinton Hall; the &lt;cite&gt;Broadway Journal&lt;/cite&gt; under Poe was not as successful(159).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Briggs, as Harry Franco, is mention as being friendly with Charles Fenno Hoffman, who founded and ran the &lt;cite&gt;Knickerbocker&lt;/cite&gt; magazine.During this time, he was also associated with William Cullen Bryant, Lewis Gaylord Clark, William L. Stone, the Duyckinck brothers, Frederick S. Cozzens, Park Benjamin, John L. Stephens, and others (174-5). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 159, 174-175]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;57994&quot; about=&quot;/node/57994&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/57994&quot;&gt;Howland, Harold. &lt;em&gt;Dictionary of American Biography&lt;/em&gt;. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in &amp;lt;cite&amp;gt;Biography Resource Center&amp;lt;/cite&amp;gt;. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC, 1928.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Briggs was born on Nantucket to John and Sally Briggs.He had an early career as a sailor, but soon left that profession to become &quot;engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1839, he published the novel &lt;cite&gt;The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic&lt;/cite&gt;, which drew on experiences from his days as a sailor.&quot;Harry Franco&quot; would become a psuedonym used by Briggs in several later works.In 1843 he wrote &lt;cite&gt;The Haunted Merchant&lt;/cite&gt; and in 1844 he founded the &lt;cite&gt;Broadway Journal&lt;/cite&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1853, Briggs edited &lt;cite&gt;Putnam&#039;s Magazine&lt;/cite&gt; with Parke Godwin and George William Curtis.He worked there for three years until the magazine stopped running, but was reinstated as an editor when it resumed ten years later.During the gap, Briggs worked as an editor at the &lt;cite&gt;New York Times&lt;/cite&gt; and was put in charge of the paper when Henry J. Raymond when to Europe.Briggs also worked at the New York Custom House during this intirim.Briggs was made the financial editor of the &lt;cite&gt;Brooklyn Union&lt;/cite&gt; in 1870, and worked there for three years before leaving to join the editorial staff of the &lt;cite&gt;Independent&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He wrote the &quot;annual preface&quot; for Trow&#039;s &lt;cite&gt;New York City Directory&lt;/cite&gt; for twenty-four years.Briggs was also asked to write the sketch of Poe for the &lt;cite&gt;Encyclopedia Britannica&lt;/cite&gt; because of their association, which he did under his psuedonym.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Briggs died a few hours after taking his job at the &lt;cite&gt;Independent&lt;/cite&gt;.He died at home in Brooklyn and was survived by his wife and daughter. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;60173&quot; about=&quot;/node/60173&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/60173&quot;&gt;Lause, Mark A. &lt;em&gt;The Antebellum Crisis and America&amp;#039;s First Bohemians&lt;/em&gt;. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2009.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59760&quot; about=&quot;/node/59760&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59760&quot;&gt;Lukens, Henry Clay. &quot;American Literary Comedians.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Harper&amp;#039;s New Monthly Magazine&lt;/em&gt;, April 1, 1890, 783-797.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 793]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55771&quot; about=&quot;/node/55771&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55771&quot;&gt;Maurice, Arthur Bartlett. &quot;Literary Clubland II: New York&amp;#039;s Literary Clubs.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The Bookman: A Review of Books and Life&lt;/em&gt;, June 1, 1905, 392-406.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;He is described as one of the &quot;others who rallied&quot; at Pfaff&#039;s.His pen name is given as &quot;Harry Franco.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 396]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;59646&quot; about=&quot;/node/59646&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/59646&quot;&gt;&quot;One Thing and Another.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Saturday Press&lt;/em&gt;, November 13, 1858, 2.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55766&quot; about=&quot;/node/55766&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55766&quot;&gt;Parry, Albert. &quot;Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America.&quot; &lt;em&gt;Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America&lt;/em&gt;(1933).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Decades after his death, Briggs and English were named by Stoddard as Poe&#039;s &quot;Bohemian friends.&quot;According to Parry, this was &quot;one of the first references, however indirect, to Poe as a Bohemian by any of his contemporaries&quot; (3).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 3]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;58006&quot; about=&quot;/node/58006&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/58006&quot;&gt;&quot;The Cambridge History of American Literature.&quot; &lt;em&gt;The Cambridge History of American Literature&lt;/em&gt;(1995).&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 57, 70, 757, 763]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;list-group-item&quot;&gt;
&lt;article data-history-node-id=&quot;55290&quot; about=&quot;/node/55290&quot; class=&quot;node node--type-work node--view-mode-bibliography-link&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;node__content&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;/node/55290&quot;&gt;Winter, William. &lt;em&gt;Old Friends; Being Literary Recollections of Other Days&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1909.&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;list-group-item-text&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-note&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Winter discusses a rumor orginated and published by Briggs/Harry Franco about O&#039;Brien: &quot;O&#039;Brien was not the heir to a title, nor did he pretend to be.The clever, piquant, tart, and rather malicious writer, Charles F. Briggs, once prominent in New York journalism as &#039;Harry Franco,&#039; originated and published the incorrect statement,--which was accepted by Aldrich and others,--that O&#039;Brien was a relative of Smith O&#039;Brien, at one time conspicuous as an Irish &#039;agitator,&#039; and was an heir to the title borne by Smith O&#039;Brien&#039;s brother, Lord Inchiquin.Fitz-James&#039;s father was a lawyer: his mother&#039;s maiden name was de Courcy&quot; (102). &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Winter notes that when he arrived in New York in 1859-&#039;60, Briggs was publishing the &quot;The Courier&quot; using the pen name &quot;Harry Franco.&quot;&quot;The Courier,&quot; a weekly paper, was published on Spruce Street, the same street as &quot;The Satruday Press.&quot;Winter also mentions that Augustin Daly got his start around this time writing for &quot;The Courier&quot; (137).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When discussing &quot;The Literati&quot; identified by Poe and the ties and animosties that existed among them, Winter mentions talking many times with &quot;the tart, sprightly, satiric Charles F. Briggs&quot; (296).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Winter mentions that Briggs has long since passed away and is buried at the old Moravian Cemetary on Staten Island (296).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-field-mention-pages&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;[pages: 102,137,296]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;views-field views-field-edit-node&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;