Holloway, Emory. Walt Whitman: An Interpretation in Narrative. New York & London: Alfred A. Knopf. (1926-1-1).
Whitman, Walt. "Letter to Hugo Fritsch, October 8, 1863." Walt Whitman: The Correspondence. New York: New York University Press. (1961-1-1).
Whitman, Walt. "Letter to Hugo Fritsch, Before August 7, 1863." Walt Whitman: The Correspondence. New York: New York University Press. (1961-1-1).
Whitman, Walt. "Letter to Nathaniel Bloom, September 5, 1863." Walt Whitman: The Correspondence. New York: New York University Press. (1961-1-1).
Loving, Jerome. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself. Berkley Calif. : University of California Press. (1999-1-1).
Morris, Roy Jr.. The Better Angel: Walt Whitman in the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2000-1-1).