Figaro [Clapp, Henry Jr.]. "Dramatic Feuilleton." New York Saturday Press, September 12, 1865, 72-73.
Winter, William. Old Friends; Being Literary Recollections of Other Days. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1909.
Vedder, Elihu. The Digressions of V., Written for his Own Fun and that of His Friends, by Elihu Vedder; Containing the Quaint Legends of his Infancy, an Account of his Stay in Florence, the Garden of Lost Opportunities, Return Home on the Track of Columbus, His Struggle. Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1910.
Downes, William Howe. Dictionary of American Biography. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in <cite>Biography Resource Center</cite>. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC, 1928.
Parry, Albert. "Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America." Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America (1933).
Folsom, Ed and Kenneth M. Price. Re-Scripting Walt Whitman: An Introduction to His Life and Work. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
Karbiener, Karen. "Whitman at Pfaff's: Personal Space, a Public Place, and the Boundary-Breaking Poems of <cite>Leaves of Grass</cite> (1860)." In Literature of New York, edited by Sabrina Fuchs-Abrams. Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.: Cambridge Scholars, 2009.