Winter, William. Old Friends; Being Literary Recollections of Other Days. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1909.
Corbett, Elizabeth. Walt; The Good Gray Poet Speaks for Himself. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1928.
Allen, Hervey. Dictionary of American Biography. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in <cite>Biography Resource Center</cite>. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC, 1928.
Howland, Harold. Dictionary of American Biography. Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. Reproduced in <cite>Biography Resource Center</cite>. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006. http://www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC, 1928.
Parry, Albert. "Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America." Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemianism in America (1933).
Allen, Gay Wilson. The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman. New York: MacMillan, 1955.
Lalor, Eugene T. "The Literary Bohemians of New York City in the Mid-Nineteenth Century." Ph.D. Dissertation, St. John's University, 1977.
Miller, Tice L. Bohemians and Critics: American Theatre Criticism in the Nineteenth Century. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1981.
Stansell, Christine. "Whitman at Pfaff's: Commercial Culture, Literary Life and New York Bohemia at Mid-Century." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10, no. 3 (1993): 107-126.
Guarneri, Carl J. The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth-Century America. Cornell, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Levin, Joanna Dale. "American Bohemias, 1858-1912: A Literary and Cultural Geography." Ph.D Dissertation; Stanford University, 2001.
Lause, Mark A. The Antebellum Crisis and America's First Bohemians. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2009.