Allen, Gay Wilson. The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman. New York: MacMillan, 1955.
Lalor, Eugene T. "The Literary Bohemians of New York City in the Mid-Nineteenth Century." Ph.D. Dissertation, St. John's University, 1977.
Lalor, Eugene. "Whitman among the New York Literary Bohemians: 1859–1862.." Walt Whitman Review 25, (1979): 131-145.
Miller, Tice L. Bohemians and Critics: American Theatre Criticism in the Nineteenth Century. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1981.
Killingsworth, M. Jimmie. "The Saturday Press." In American Literary Magazines: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, edited by Edward E. Chielens. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986.
Stansell, Christine. "Whitman at Pfaff's: Commercial Culture, Literary Life and New York Bohemia at Mid-Century." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10, no. 3 (1993): 107-126.
Loving, Jerome. "Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself." Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself (1999): 568 p.
Levin, Joanna Dale. "American Bohemias, 1858-1912: A Literary and Cultural Geography." Ph.D Dissertation; Stanford University, 2001.
Traubel, Horace. "Intimate with Walt: Selections from Whitman's Conversations with Horace Traubel, 1888-1892." In Intimate with Walt: Selections from Whitman's Conversations with Horace Traubel, 1888-1892, edited by Schmidgall, Gary. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2001.
Sentilles, Renee M. "Performing Menken: Adah Isaacs Menken and the Birth of American Celebrity." Performing Menken: Adah Isaacs Menken and the Birth of American Celebrity (2003).
Belasco, Susan. "From the Field: Walt Whitman's Periodical Poetry." American Periodicals 14, no. 2 (2004): 247-59.
Epstein, Daniel Mark. Lincoln and Whitman: Parallel Lives in Civil War Washington. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2004.